Vocal experimentation in the juvenile songbird requires a basal ganglia circuit.

PLoS Biol · 2005 · PMC1069649 · PMID 15826219

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highly significantno p-value reported

Without exception, the syllables showed a highly significant reduction in variability as a consequence of LMAN inactivation ( Figure 2 B; n = 25 syllables; 〈 V 〉 before = 0.46, 〈Δ V 〉 = 0.2; p ave < 0.0001, t -test).

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