highly significantP < 0.001
Table 3 reports the treatment effects (T0-T1) and growth changes over the observation duration (T1-T2) in the TG, in which the active orthopedic treatment effect showed a opposite trend to the natural craniomaxillofacial growth effect after treatment in many aspects: the T0-T1 changes in TG showed a significantly increase in ANS-PNS and Ptm-A (P < 0.01) and the sagittal maxillomandibular skeletal relation showed highly significant improvements in ANB, Wits appraisal and BAr-AAr (P < 0.001); on the other hand, the T1-T2 changes in TG showed a diminished or even opposite effect to those of T0-T1 (Fig. 4 ), along with a significantly increase in Pog-Go (P < 0.01), Gn-Co and Co-Go (P < 0.001).