Conclusions Our findings suggest that ambient SO 4 2− , OM, and BC might be significant risk factors for HF, emphasising the importance of formulating customised guidelines for the chemical constituents of PM and controlling the emissions of the most dangerous components. status released display-pdf yes is-olf no is-manuscript no is-preprint no is-journal-matter no is-scanned no is-retracted no Collection date 2024.
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Ambient fine particulate matter chemical composition associated with in-hospital case fatality, hospital expenses, and length of hospital stay among patients with heart failure in China.
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