An Innovative Approach to Alleviate Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle Stress on Wheat through Nanobubble Irrigation.

Under conventional ZnO-NPs irrigation, increasing trends were found for the activities of ADP-Glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), UDP-Glucose phosphorylase (UGPase), and cell wall invertase (cwInv) in roots, as well as the phosphofructokinase (PFK) activity in leaves, while a decreasing trend was observed for the activities of PFK, phosphoglucomutase (PGM), cytoplasmic invertase (cytInv), and vacuolar invertase (vacInv) in roots, as well as the activities of AGPase, fructokinase (FK), hexokinase (HXK), phosphoglucoisomerase (PGI), UGPase, cwInv, and vacInv in leaves ( Figure 4 B,C).

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