Characterization of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA)/Polyacrylic Acid (PAA) Composite Film-Forming Solutions and Resulting Films as Affected by Beeswax Content.

As delineated in Table 1 , the WVP of PVA/PAA composite films demonstrated a decreasing trend with escalating beeswax content.

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As depicted in Figure 1 , the creaming index of the film-forming solutions demonstrated an increasing trend corresponding to higher beeswax content.

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