highly significantp < 2.2 × 10 −16
The lack of parents’ gender information made the genotype combinations of simulated offspring more complex and the PMS more difficult to find, but regardless of gender, the association between PIC and PE was very strong and both were inversely related to PDI ( Table 2 ), with the correlations between the three being highly significant ( p < 2.2 × 10 −16 ).