Photosynthetic responses of Larix kaempferi and Pinus densiflora seedlings are affected by summer extreme heat rather than by extreme precipitation.

kaempferi showed a decreasing trend under increasing temperature, showing a reduction in the stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and net photosynthetic rate by 135.2%, 102.3%, and 24.8%, respectively, in the + 6 °C treatment compared to those in the control.

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p-in-epmc yes pmc-license-ref CC BY issue-copyright-statement © Springer Nature Limited 2024 Introduction Extreme climate events (e.g., extreme heat, drought, and heavy rainfall), generally defined as inordinately hotter, drier, or wetter conditions compared to the historical reference period, have an increasing trend in terms of frequency, intensity, and magnitude worldwide 1 – 3 .

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