1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 For example, in the United States, the Health and Retirement Study revealed a decreasing trend over time, 6 with an annual decline of 3.4% from 1993 to 2004. 7 Cautious optimism appears justified. 8 It is argued that the favorable trends in population brain health may be limited to those countries that had major investments in population health over the life course of those now in older ages. 2 As the second largest economy in the world, China has made significant progress in improving public health, especially in the past three decades, with its gross domestic product almost tripled.
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Trends in the prevalence of cognitive impairment at old age in China, 2002-2018.
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35 Although between 2002 and 2018 there was a decreasing trend of smoking and drinking among older adults, the prevalence of major chronic diseases, such as hypertension and Type II diabetes, was on an increasing trend.