Global, regional and national burdens of reproduction-related congenital birth defects, 1990-2019.

Among the 21 GBD regions, Andean Latin America, Oceania, Southern Sub-Saharan Africa and Western Sub-Saharan Africa continued to show an increasing trend in DALY rates of UCA (children younger than 1 year and age-standardized) ( Figure 2 ).

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The other four SDI regions showed a decreasing trend in PR in all 3 age strata ( Table 1 ; Supplementary Figure S1 ).

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