Design of polybenzimidazolium membranes for use in vanadium redox flow batteries.

Upon contact with the acidic electrolyte, all HMT-PMBI membranes swell around 30% in thickness, with a slight trend seen with higher swelling rates for membranes with a lower degree of methylation, Fig. 3A .

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3B , the ionic conductivity shows an increasing trend with the degree of methylation.

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