Physiological specialization of the brain in bumble bee castes: Roles of dopamine in mating-related behaviors in female bumble bees.

Expression levels of BigDop1 were significantly lower in gynes than in workers (Mann-Whitney U-test, z = −1.965, P < 0.05; Fig 4A ), but expression levels of the other three tested genes did not differ significantly between castes ( BigDop2 : z = −1.890, P = 0.059; BigDop3 : z = −1.587, P = 1.112; BigDopEcR : z = −0.302, P = 0.762; Fig 4B–4D ), although levels of BigDop2 were almost significant ( P = 0.059).

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