An optogenetic cell therapy to restore control of target muscles in an aggressive mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

In confirmation of our hypothesis, there was a highly significant, 9.4-fold, increase in the maximal tetanic force (7.5±0.94 g versus 0.8±0.2 g; p=≤0.000001) elicited by ONS in the engrafted OST group of SOD1 G93A mice at late-stage disease, compared to age-matched untrained SOD1 G93A mice (132.4±6.8 days versus 133±6.9 days; n=7 and 11, respectively; Figure 5C–G and Appendix 1—table 3 ), although OST did not alter contractile rate characteristics ( Figure 5—figure supplement 5A–C ).

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