Effects of different fertilization practices on maize yield, soil nutrients, soil moisture, and water use efficiency in northern China based on a meta-analysis.

Among them, the increase in maize yield under NPO measures showed an increasing trend with increasing temperature, which could be attributed to the small increase in temperature promoting microbial activity in the soil, and the rich organic matter in organic fertilizers providing a food source for soil microbes, which helps the microbes to decompose the organic matter and release more nutrients to the plants 88 .

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In addition, the results showed a decreasing trend in the soil water content when organic fertilizers were combined with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, which might be because fertilizers increase the salt content in the soil, thereby loosening the soil particles, thus destroying the soil structure and decreasing the permeability of the soil, which led to a decrease in the soil water content.

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