Similarly, 2-hydroxybutyric acid, which may arise from increased lipid oxidation and oxidative stress, exacerbates insulin resistance, shows an increasing trend in patients with diabetes, 29 and is considered a biomarker of impaired glucose tolerance. 30 Fish oil typically contains three types of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids: eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), with n-3 DPA being a metabolic extension of EPA and an intermediate between EPA and DHA.
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Plasma Metabolic Profiling and Multiclass Diagnostic Model Development for Stable Angina Pectoris and Acute Myocardial Infarction.
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