Association between concurrence of multiple risk factors and under-5 mortality: a pooled analysis of data from Demographic and Health Survey in 61 low-and-middle-income countries.

Simultaneous presence of multiple leading risk factors was significantly associated with elevated risk of U5M and children presenting with all 5 leading risk factors exhibited an exceedingly high risk of U5M (OR: 5.2, 95% CI: 4.3–6.3); a dose–response relationship between the number of risk factors and U5M was also observed–with the increment of numbers of leading risk factors, the U5M showed an increasing trend ( p-trend < 0.001).

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