Effects of whole grains on glycemic control: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies and randomized controlled trials.

We observed a marginally significant effect in studies conducted with 1–2 whole grain products (MD = -0.144 mmol/L; 95% CI: -0.287 to -0.001; I 2 = 80.60%, P = 0.048), but no significant effect was observed in studies conducted with wheat (MD = 0.019 mmol/L; 95% CI: -0.130 to 0.168; I 2 = 68.27%, P = 0.80) and other whole grain types (MD = -0.164 mmol/L; 95% CI: -0.434 to 0.106; I 2 = 59.92%, P = 0.23).

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A significant reduction in FBG and HOMA-IR was found in the studies with various whole grain products while whole grain products only had a borderline significant effect on FBG.

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