highly significantp < 0.01
Statistical differences were considered highly significant when p < 0.01 and significant when p < 0.05.
Statistical differences were considered highly significant when p < 0.01 and significant when p < 0.05.
Observing the activity of Cd independently revealed an increasing trend in MCs with prolonged exposure.
The study further observed a decreasing trend in chlorophyll a content during specific exposure periods, aligning with previous research indicating reductions in chlorophyll a content under various pollutant exposures.