The newborn screening tests in Brazil: regional and socioeconomic prevalence and inequalities in 2013 and 2019.

4 The diseases most frequently identified in the screenings have a relatively low incidence considering all newborns, however, they are highly significant and represent vulnerability due to their morbid, incapacitating, and sequelae potential, with high severity and social and economic relevance. 5 Neonatal screening has been present in public policies in several countries since the 1960s but with a wide variation in the tests incorporated into the clinical guidelines of each location. 6 The different contexts of countries – whether economic, political, social, or cultural – result in different adoption and conducting models for the screening tests, thus leading to inequalities in both the access to diagnoses and treatments.

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