Conservation energetics of beluga whales: using resting and swimming metabolism to understand threats to an endangered population.

Conversely, as found for bottlenose dolphins ( Williams et al., 2017b ), there were highly significant relationships between V̇ O 2 ss (J kg −1 min −1 ) and f S (strokes min −1 ) ( n =30 swims, d.f.=1, 28, F =25.53, P <0.0001, AICc=304.28, BIC=308.29; Fig. 4A ) for beluga whales, where: (1) and between V̇ O 2 ss (J kg −1 min −1 ) and swim speed ( U swim , m s −1 ) ( n= 30 swims, d.f.=1, 28, F =54.93, P <0.0001, AICc=288.48, BIC=291.76; Fig. 4B ), where: (2) even within the relatively narrow range of exercise efforts representing the preferred performance levels of the individual whales.

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