Consequently, there has been an increasing trend of studies to assess their relationship, which may differ mainly depending on the indicators of obesity used (e.g., BMI, WC, and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR)) [ 93 , 94 ] and/or assessment methods for BMD (e.g., dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT), trabecular bone score (TBS), and lumbar spine BMD/BMI ratio (LS BMD/BMI ratio)) [ 19 , 60 ].
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Links among Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, and Osteoporosis: Bone as a Target.
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