Global, regional, and national burden of thalassemia, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2021.

The global ASPR and ASMR declined from 1990 to 2021 overall, though an increasing trend in prevalence was found among the elderly.

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The prevalence rates for the age groups of 5–14 and 15–39 years initially experienced minor fluctuations but ultimately followed a decreasing trend ( Fig. 3 D–E; Supplementary Table S17 ).

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