extremely significantp<0.01
The correlation coefficients of LIG with PAL, LIG with CHI, and PPO with PAL were 0.794, 0.722, and 0.718, respectively ( Figure 8 ), indicating an extremely significant positive correlation (p<0.01). 4 Discussion Grafting has many advantages ( Awu et al., 2023 ) in improving plant growth characteristics, increasing yield and quality, and enhancing plant stress resistance.