Although there seem to be similar retinal penumbra models and there might be significant inter-individual differences in retinal tolerance to ischemia [ 28 , 29 ], the retinal ganglion cells that form the optic nerve appear to undergo apoptosis already after only 12–15 min [ 40 ].
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Comparison of vascular risk profile and clinical outcomes among patients with central (branch) retinal artery occlusion versus amaurosis fugax.
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