Associations between co‑exposure to heavy metals and vertebral compression fracture, as well as femoral neck bone mineral density: A cross-sectional study from NHANES data.

In the fully adjusted BKMR model, a decreasing trend in the overall impact of four heavy metals on femoral neck BMD was observed, indicating that an increase in the mixture of heavy metal exposures was associated with a decreased risk of femoral neck BMD ( S5 Fig ).

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