The results demonstrate that irrigation, nitrogen application, and the interaction between water and nitrogen application have highly significant effects on the H of winter wheat throughout the entire growth period ( p < 0.01).
Similar to the conclusions presented in [ 32 ], a significant decrease was seen with all treatments at 14:00, but overall, the photosynthetic parameters showed an increasing trend, with bimodal peaks.
The water-use efficiency (WUE) of winter wheat shows a decreasing trend with increasing irrigation levels.