Mechanisms of Action of Phytoestrogens and Their Role in Familial Adenomatous Polyposis.

In fact, in the treated group, there was an increasing trend in the ratio of ER-β/ER-α, with increased rates of apoptosis (assessed by TUNEL and caspase 3) and epithelial proliferation.

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Surprisingly, there was no change in the number, distribution, size or incidence of adenomas between the treated and control group, only a decreasing trend in the number of adenomas in the flaxseed-treated group. van Kranen et al., on the other hand, demonstrated that flaxseed lignan precursors had no protective effect in Apc Min mice fed a diet high in animal fat and low in calcium [ 79 ].

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