Sex- and cycle-dependent changes in spine density and size in hippocampal CA2 neurons.

2 d; male: 0.25 ± 0.05 μm 2 ; female diestrus: 0.23 ± 0.04 μm 2 ; female proestrus: 0.22 ± 0.04 μm 2 ; Kruskal–Wallis test: H(2) = 3.066, P = 0.2158; ns), a highly significant shift towards larger spine head areas in males compared to females in either estrous cycle stage was clearly visible when looking at the cumulative frequency distribution of the area of all measured spine heads (Fig. 2 e; Kolmogorov–Smirnov test; male vs female diestrus + male vs female proestrus: **** P < 0.0001; respectively; female diestrus vs female proestrus: P = 0.2346; ns).

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