Latest insights into the global epidemiological features, screening, early diagnosis and prognosis prediction of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Certain molecular changes, such as gene mutations, transcriptional changes or metabolite alterations, may persist with an increasing trend throughout ESCC development, or may occur at specific points during the occurrence and progression of ESCC[ 173 ].

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CONCLUSION As an aggressive squamous epithelial malignancy derived from the esophagus, ESCC is the major histological subtype of EC and has a decreasing trend in incidence and mortality rates worldwide; however, it remains a global health issue and was the eighth most prevalent cancer and the sixth leading cause of cancer-related death in 2020.

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