Molecularly, an increasing trend in the expression levels of brown ( Ucp1 , Cidea , Pgc1α ), white ( Lep ), and pan ( Pparγ , Adipoq ) adipocyte markers was observed in iBAT and iWAT SVF primary cultures, respectively ( Fig. 1 C).
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Sphingomyelin is involved in regulating UCP1-mediated nonshivering thermogenesis.
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On the other hand, pattern 4 sphingolipids which exhibited a decreasing trend during brown adipocyte differentiation were mainly ceramides and hexosylceramides ( Fig. 2 D).