High heteroplasmy is associated with low mitochondrial copy number and selection against non-synonymous mutations in the snail Cepaea nemoralis.

For example, in comparing positions 1 and 3, cytochrome oxidase subunit 1, cytochrome b, cytochrome oxidase subunit 2, cytochrome oxidase subunit 3 and ND4 all showed a highly significant excess of 3rd position changes, with significant changes also for ND5 and ND1 (Table 3 ).

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