Ecosystem engineers can regulate resource allocation strategies in associated plant species.

3 Results 3.1 Impacts of ecosystem engineers on the growth of associated plants The microhabitat type had significant effects (marginally significant for L. longifolium in the DML population; P = 0.054) on both individual height and mass for all study species in all populations, except for L. perenne mass parameters in the YLS population ( Table 1 ; Figure 2 ).

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The correlations between average flower mass and flower number [ Figure 3 (29–35)], as well as between average leaf mass and leaf number [ Figure 3 (36–42)] exhibited a generally negative trend within engineered microhabitats but a positive trend in bare ground habitats.

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