Postoperative opioids administered to inpatients with major or orthopaedic surgery: A retrospective cohort study using data from hospital electronic prescribing systems.

Although we cannot compare our results to the previous findings directly given the different postoperative periods and data sources, a decreasing trend for initial MME/day in both the whole cohort and subgroup seems to be in line with partial findings of the American and Canadian studies [ 16 , 18 ].

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Trends for MR opioids, initial oxycodone IR, and initial MME/day The proportion of MR opioids (e.g., morphine slow release (MST) tablets and fentanyl patches) postoperatively showed an increasing trend from 8.7% to 16% between 2010–2017, dropping initially to 14.0% in 2020 and 11.6% in 2021 ( Fig 2 ).

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