Indole Lactic Acid in Plasma and Urine: A Potential Biomarker for Chronic Kidney Disease and Inflammatory.

We performed a differential metabolite pathway analysis based on the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and found that tryptophan metabolism was disordered, in which ILA was mainly involved ( Figure 2 ). Both plasma and urine ILA differed significantly between CKD patients and controls and showed an increasing trend with the progression of renal function ( Figure 3 ).

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