Improved tactile speech perception and noise robustness using audio-to-tactile sensory substitution with amplitude envelope expansion.

However, improvement with envelope expansion was close to significance for pairs differing by both place of articulation and voicing (mean difference: 10.2%; SD: 18.1%; t (31) = 3.2, p = 0.051) and for voiced fricative pairs differing by place of articulation (mean difference: 11.7%; SD: 22.1%; t (31) = 3.0, p = 0.074).

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