Preliminary study on the preparation of antler powder/chitosan/β-glycerophosphate sodium/polyvinyl alcohol porous hydrogel scaffolds and their osteogenic effects.

Moreover, the porosities of hydrogel scaffolds with 6%, 8%, and 10% AP content are 82.1% ± 0.4%, 79.7% ± 0.12%, and 75.4% ± 1.3%, respectively, demonstrating a decreasing trend in porosity with increasing AP content ( p < 0.05 ).

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