Condensed Matter Systems Exposed to Radiation: Multiscale Theory, Simulations, and Experiment.

These shifts may be significant ( e.g. , there is a “blue shift” of 1 eV in the lowest excited state of water between the gas and ice phases) and may lead to quenching of some electronic states ( e.g. , Rydberg states), which can significantly change the excitation and dissociation of molecular species in different phases influencing the local chemistry. 442 Limitations and Challenges : EELS requires the samples to be placed within a high vacuum (typically <10 –5 Torr).

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