Cumulative radiation dose from medical imaging in paediatric congenital heart disease patients with epicardial cardiac implantable electronic devices.

1 , 2 The global CIED market is projected to reach USD 28.8 billion by 2030 3 with an increasing trend in their utilization in children. 4 It has been estimated that 50–75% of patients with a CIED would require magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) over the lifetime of the device. 5 Indeed, MRI is a critical modality for CHD patients who require frequent monitoring following corrective surgeries; it offers excellent tissue contrast without ionizing radiation.

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