44 In the context of high energetic demand or high oxidative stress, mitochondria may be significant in regulating the quality of aging or pathological mitochondria, as well as in reproducing robust mitochondria to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis and meet the consumptive energy requirements. 23 On the other hand, activation of Cdc42 also acts as a binding partner of NDRG1, which regulates mitochondrial fission during fasting, and as the key regulator of mitochondrial polarity, which is crucial for cellular respiration. 18 , 45 Thus, Cdc42 might regulate mitochondria directly or indirectly through ERK1/2 signaling in ameloblasts.
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<i>Cdc42</i> deletion yielded enamel defects by disrupting mitochondria and producing reactive oxygen species in dental epithelium.
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