highly significantP < 0.05
SPSS software was used for data statistics and significance analysis, P < 0.01 highly significant; 0.01 < P < 0.05 significant, and the data graphs in the paper were drawn using Origin 2022 software. 3 Results and discussion 3.1 Study on the preparation process of PLEO hydrogel beads 3.1.1 Single factor analysis Fig. 1 A depicts the effect of varying sodium alginate concentrations on the encapsulation efficiency.