marginally significantp = 0.07
Post-hoc analyses revealed a marginally significant effect of gender on reading fluency in year 1, in year 1, F (1, 1,455) = 3.36, p = 0.07, η 2 = 0.00, indicating that females’ reading fluency ( m = 24.04) was slightly lower than that of males’ ( m = 25.08, SD = 10.48).