A method for estimating the outer exposure of dairy cows to deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) as a precondition for risk assessment based on inner exposure with toxin residue levels in blood and urine as indicators.

Based on the mostly higher milk fat contents in group PP and the group-independent milk protein content, the resulting milk fat-to-protein ratios closely mirrored the variations in milk fat content although the interactions failed to reach significance (Table 3 ).

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