Oligoclonal CD4⁺CXCR5⁺ T cells with a cytotoxic phenotype appear in tonsils and blood.

Compared to their cT FH counterparts in the same cluster, tonsil-derived CD3 + CD4 + CD45RA – CXCR5 + T cells predominantly displayed a canonical T FH -transcriptome 1 , 25 as exemplified by transcripts for TOX, TOX2, BATF, CXCR5, PD-1, CD200, ICOS, SAP ( SH2D1A ), FOS, JUNB and NURR1 ( NR4A2 ), which were highly significant in most clusters (Fig. 5a , Supplementary Fig. 8 ).

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