Anesthetic effects of the ketamine and midazolam association by intranasal or intramuscular route in domestic chickens: prospective, blinded, randomized and crossover study.

Only a slight trend to a reduction in RR (mean effect- η 2 =0.062) was observed, independent of the route of administration, likely more due to the reduction in stress caused by sedation than by the depressant properties of the drugs, an effect also observed in a study with parrots ( Amazona ventralis ) sedated only with midazolam via IN (2 mg/kg) ( Mans et al., 2012 ).

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