Enhancing self-regulation and learner engagement in L2 speaking: exploring the potential of intelligent personal assistants within a learning-oriented feedback framework.

BMC Psychol · 2024 · PMC11295503 · PMID 39090736

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hedged sentences

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closest p · 1.0× alpha

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boldest claim

The sentences

a slight trendp < 0.05actually significant

Although the F-statistic suggests a slight trend towards a difference, it does not reach the conventional level of significance ( p < 0.05).

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a positive trendno p-value reported

Finally, the data suggests a positive trend in speaking self-regulation for both groups.

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