The 4.2 ka event is not remarkable in the context of Holocene climate variability.

Although the dry excursion at 8.2 ka became insignificant following the test-multiplicity correction, it remains significant for both temperature and hydroclimate if we consider net excursions (wet/warm minus cold/dry), and is highly significant when we consider the joint occurrence of cold and dry excursions (Fig. 3c ).

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Interestingly, this cold interval appears to predate the period of strongest volcanic activity and lowest solar irradiance of the first millennium, which coincides with the “Late Antique Little Ice Age” between 536 and 660 CE (ca 1.4 ka) 50 , although we find marginally significant excursions during that interval as well.

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