Effectiveness of chitosan nanoparticles, and novel chemical irrigants with surfactant on smear layer removal and microhardness alteration.

Result- Table 2 inferred that there was a statistically highly significant difference seen for the frequencies between the groups (p < 0.01) with higher frequencies for smear layer score 5 with saline group while scores 3 and 4 with NaOCl Extra while score 2 with Pro- EDTA, score 4 with CHX Ultra, score 2 with Biopure MTAD while scores 2 and 3 with 0.2%chitosan nanoparticles.

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