Effects of Synthetic Toll-Like Receptor 9 Ligand Molecules on Pulpal Immunomodulatory Response and Repair after Injuries.

Although we did not analyze the presence of M1 macrophages, we presume that exposure to CpG-ODNs at 0.1 mM may activate the M1 subset because the quantitative analysis of F4/80 immunohistochemistry revealed a slight trend toward CpG-ODNs compared with that in the HBSS and DW groups at week 2.

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A positive trend in the expression of immune cell markers was observed toward the CpG-ODN groups at 0.1 mM.

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