highly significantp < 0.001
Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05 for significant differences, p < 0.01 for highly significant differences, and p < 0.001 for extremely significant differences.
Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05 for significant differences, p < 0.01 for highly significant differences, and p < 0.001 for extremely significant differences.
CDCA and TUDCA exhibited an increasing trend in the model group compared to the control group, although there was no significant difference.