highly significantp values < 0.01
The statistical significance of the differences was determined as follows: nonsignificant (marked as “ns”) for p values > 0.05, significant (marked as “*”) for p values < 0.05, highly significant (marked as “**”) for p values < 0.01, and extremely significant (marked as “***”) for p values < 0.001, or (marked as “****”) for p values < 0.0001. 3.