Between-year weather differences and long-term environmental trends both contribute to observed vegetation changes in a plot resurvey study.

Ecol Evol · 2024 · PMC11368499 · PMID 39224162

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highly significantp < .001actually significant

3 RESULTS 3.1 Analyses with all species included There was a clear separation between the old and the new relevés in the db‐RDA ordination space (Figure 3 ), and the PERMANOVA indicated that time had a highly significant effect on species composition ( F = 9.615, p < .001).

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